近几年，在商业单证方面的使领馆认证作为许多国家的非关税壁垒手段之一正悄然兴起。使领馆认证是指一国外交机构及其授权机构在涉外文书上确认其该国公证机关或某些特殊机关的印章或该机关主管人员的签字属实;它是一个国家驻另一个国家的大使馆或领事馆，根据该国出入境法律、法规的有关规定，对进入该国的人或货物的有关证明文件所进行的核实，已确认这些文件上的{zh1}一个签字或印章属实，并签字盖章的过程。经过认证的整数据由于外法律效力，可为文件使用过有关当局所承认。使领馆认证包括民事认证和商业认证。由于使领馆认证在国际贸易中所涉及的全部为商品认证，以下我们重点介绍的是使领馆商业认证。
In recent years, the certification of embassies and consulates in commercial documents as one of the non-tariff barriers in many countries is quietly rising.Accreditation of embassies and consulates means that a country's diplomatic agencies and their authorized agencies confirm the seals of the notary organs or some special organs of the country or the signature of the competent personnel of the organs on the foreign-related documents.It is a process in which a country's embassy or consulate in another country, according to the relevant provisions of the country's entry and exit laws and regulations, verifies the relevant certification documents of the people or goods entering the country, confirms that the last signature or seal on these documents is true, and signs and seals the documents.Certified whole data may be recognized by the authorities concerned as having been used in the document due to its extra-legal effect.Embassy and consulate certification includes civil certification and commercial certification.Since the certification of embassies and consulates in the international trade is all about commodity certification, the following we focus on the commercial certification of embassies and consulates.
国际贸易中除了关税以外的所有限制外国商品进口的认为措施均称为非关税壁垒，包括对进口商品在产地、价格、担保、质量和技术规格、卫生及安全等方面都有严格的限制。而使领馆认证恰恰可以对出口商品的产地、价格、质量等方面进行限制，实际上就是进口国对别国出口商品设置的非关税贸易壁垒。
In international trade, all measures that restrict the import of foreign commodities except tariff are considered as non-tariff barriers, including strict restrictions on the origin, price, guarantee, quality and technical specifications, health and safety of imported commodities.However, the certification by embassies and consulates can restrict the origin, price, quality and other aspects of export commodities. In fact, it is the non-tariff trade barriers set by importing countries to other countries' export commodities.
与出入境检验检疫机构有关的使领馆认证主要由各级出入境检验检疫机构出具的商品检验。动植物出口检疫证书和原产地证书等，主要包括一般原产地证书、加工装配证明书、转口证明书、商品检验证书、动植物检疫证书、出口机电产品许可证等。目前使用最多的是一般原产地证数的使领馆认证。
The accreditation of embassies and consulates related to entry-exit inspection and quarantine institutions is mainly conducted by the inspection and quarantine institutions at all levels.Animal and plant export quarantine certificate and certificate of origin, mainly including general certificate of origin, processing and assembly certificate, transit certificate, commodity inspection certificate, animal and plant quarantine certificate, export mechanical and electrical products license.At present, the most commonly used is the certificate of origin of the general number of embassy and consulate certification.
使领馆认证工作对中国出口贸易的影响:
The impact of embassy and consulate certification on China's export trade:
1.较长的办理使领馆认证时间，非常明显的制约着中国对要求办理使领馆认证国家货物的出口。
1.The long time for handling the certification of embassies and consulates obviously restricts China's export of goods to countries requiring the certification of embassies and consulates.
2.较高的使领馆认证费用，最直接的影响到中国对认证国家的货物出口。
2. The higher cost of embassy and consulate certification has the most direct impact on China's exports to the certified countries.
3.一些国家要求有些贸易单证的认证要同时办理，使使领馆认证工作更加繁琐。
3. Some countries require the certification of some trade documents to be handled at the same time, which makes the authentication work of embassies and consulates more complicated.
4.有些国家要求办理使领馆认证的同时还要附加相关单据或文件，使办理使领馆认证的难度加大。
4.Some countries require the authentication of their embassies and consulates to be accompanied by relevant documents or documents, which makes the authentication more difficult.
5.有些国家使领馆认证对文种有规定，使办理使领馆认证的难度加大。
5. Some countries have regulations on the certification of cultural species, which makes it more difficult to apply for the certification.
6.有些国家对使领馆人的文件有特殊规定，加大了使领馆认证的难度和费用。
6. Some countries have special regulations on the documents of diplomatic and consular personnel, which increases the difficulty and cost of the authentication of diplomatic and consular personnel.
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