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The Spanish Bullfight_jiangshangyu_百度空间

作者:企业资讯策划团队 来源:rwfb 发布时间:2010-06-24 浏览:205

The Spanish Bullfight
1. A curving patch of sunshine lies across the sand on the east side of the bullring: the Plaza de Toros in Madrid. All the rest of the circle is in shadow. In the middle of the ring are giant bottles, one for vermouth, another for brandy, each about two or three times the height of a man. They look like figures representing gluttony in a medieval morality play, and you expect ladies in wimples to appear and clowns dressed like ms. There are also big block letters laid out on sand like formations of gymnasts at a Soviet youth rally. If this was 500 years ago, this is the way the Middle Ages might have gone about advertising.
    1) 一片弧形的阳光照在斗牛场场地东侧的沙地上,这儿是马德里斗牛场。圆形斗牛场的其余部分都在阴影中。在它的中心有两个巨型酒瓶,一个是苦艾酒瓶,另一个是白兰地酒瓶,每个都有两三个人高,它们看上去像中世纪道德剧中代表暴饮的形象,而你期待戴着能遮住脖子和脸的两侧的盖头巾的女士们出,现,还有打扮得像猴子的小丑。沙地上还摆着巨大的印刷体字母,像苏联青年集会上体操队员摆出的队形。如果这是在500年前,中世纪人做广告可能就是这个方式。
    2. But now the big clock is at five minutes to six, and little men in berets and raincoats appear (the sky is building up some fine ram- parts of thunder-heads). They lift the letters and carry them off like stretchers. And suddenly the two bottles begin to walk and patter off through a side gate, and the 20 000 people who are standing in the most steeply tiered stadium in the world begin to compose themselves on their little cushions, or take out field glasses, or give their fashion, with the back of the hand being tossed over the shoulder.
    2) 但现在大钟指向了差五分六点,出现了戴贝雷帽穿雨衣的小小的人(天空中,雷暴云砧正在筑起一些漂亮的壁垒)。他们搬起字母,把他们像担架似的抬了出去。突然,那两个酒瓶开始行走,叭嗒叭嗒穿过旁门走了出去,站立在有着世界上最陡的看台的运动场上的两万人开始在自己的小垫子上安顿好坐下,或者拿出望远镜,或者手背向下在肩上摆动,用这一古怪的西班牙方式向远处的朋友{zh1}招手致意。
   3. The minute hand of the big clock jumps to six o' clock precisely, and a powerful man in a dark suit with a watch in his left hand rises in his box up against the sky and waves a handkerchief: and at once we hear the drums and the squawk of trumpets. From a side gate two horses appear and go high-stepping across the sand towards a spot beneath the President's box. They are mounted by two men in black, and might for a moment be mistaken for two plume burghers from a canvas by Rembrandt. For they are dressed in the court fashion of the mid-seventeenth century. They have red and yellow plumes in their hats and they lift them to the President and rein around and canter back to the gate. They will half-circle back to another gate in the sun directly opposite the President's box and at another signal the band plays a tinny paso doble.
    3) 大钟的分针跳到了6点正,一个穿着一套深色衣服、左手拿着一个手表的威风凛凛的男人从主席台的专席上站起身来,身子映衬着天空,挥动着一块手帕,我们便立刻听到了鼓声和刺耳的喇叭声。从一道侧门处走出两匹马,踏着轻快的步子穿过沙地走向主席台下面的一个地方。骑在马背上的是两上身穿黑色衣服的男人,人们一时间可能会把他们错当成伦勃朗油画上的两位头戴翎饰的古代荷兰自治市的自由民,因为他们身上是17世纪中叶的宫廷装束。他们帽子上装饰着红黄色羽毛,在向主席脱帽致意后掉转马头,慢跑回侧门旁。他们将绕场半周到正对主席台的阳光照射着的另一个门旁,在又一个信号下,乐队奏起子不很响亮的斗牛士进行曲。
4. The big central gates swing open and the plumed bailiffs lead out a procession, first of the three matadors, in their brilliant shirts, silk costumes embroidered in gold, their red stockings and black slippers and the rich, flowered capes they wear only for this short parade. Behind them come the team of all their assistants, other fighters in costumes trimmed with silver of black braid, then the hefty heavyweights in round brimmed hats; the picadors high on their horses cradling their long lances under the right arm: and then a little team of jumping jacks, in red jackets and caps and blue baggy trousers and white shoes. They could well be the mish clowns we imagined at a medieval fair. That indeed is their name, monosabios, clever ms. They will need to be, for they are the picador's helpers, and must pull the fallen homes on to their feet, and they may today or some other time save the picador's life.
    4) 中央的大门开了,帽子上装饰着羽毛的斗牛场警官带领着斗牛仪仗队进入场内。走在最前面的是三名{zh1}去刺死牛的斗牛土,身穿色彩鲜艳的衬衫,绣金丝绸斗牛装,脚上是红色长统袜,黑色便鞋,披着只为这短短的出场式才穿的鲜艳的绣花斗篷。跟在他们后面的是他们的全体助手,穿着饰有银色或黑色镶边服装的其它斗士,再后面是戴有边圆帽的膀大腰圆的人;马上斗牛士高高骑在各自的马上,用手兜着夹在右臂下的长矛,然后是一小队小丑,红衣红帽,宽大的蓝裤子,白鞋。他们很可能就是我们想像中的中世纪赶会上的猴子样的小丑,而这确实就是他们的名字:精猴儿。他们也得是精猴儿,因为他们是马上斗牛士 的助手,必须把倒下的马拉起,而且可能在今天或别的什么时候救马上斗牛士的命。
    5. The whole team bows to the President's box, and marches out again and one of the plumed bailiffs lifts his hand high. In theory he is receiving from the President the keys to the bull pens. In fact, it is only the last of the many symbolic acts of the ritual, and by the time the bailiff has cantered off to a gate on the left, the keeper will have his keys in his hand. He is looking up and away over his right shoulder to the President's box, and when he sees the handkerchief flutter again, the thin trumpets sound again, the trap door is lifted and the pen gates swing open, and out into the light and the sand trots a black bull. He stands there, his feet braced, his head high from the soaring mountain of his huge neck, and he wonders where he is. For three years he has been bred and trained for this moment. In some quiet corral in Seville or Salamanca he has felt the thrust of the lance, he has seen capes whirl, he has been soothed in the evening by shambling teams of oxen, and if he has shown promise of courage he may have been caressed by his owner and given an extra ration of beans and oats. All the care and skill that have gone into his upbringing are directed to one end, to train him to concentrate the sureness of his 600 pounds into a single charge, quick enough to graze the thigh of even the best torero, explosive enough to toss a horse and rider over a barricade. He breathes hard. He looks around. Then far off, round the curve of the circular barrier he sees a small dancing figure waving a pink and yellow cape at him and making a staccato bleating sound.
    全体人马向主席台鞠躬后便列队退出。帽子上装饰着羽毛的斗牛场警官之一高高举起一只手。理论上他是在从主席那里接过牛棚大门的钥匙,实际上这只是斗牛仪典中许多象征性动作的{zh1}一个。在斗牛场警官策马慢跑到左边一道门前时,牛棚看守已是钥匙在手了。他正把头转向右边越过肩头向上朝主席台看着,当他看见手帕再次挥动,喇叭的尖声又响起来时,便提起活板门,牛棚大门打开,一头黑色公牛小跑着进入沙地来到光天化日之下。他站在那儿,四只脚牢牢站住,头高抬在像山般突起的巨颈之上,不知自己来到了什么地方。整整三年的饲养与训练都是为了这个时刻。在塞维利亚或萨拉曼卡某个僻静的畜栏中,他感到过矛的刺戮,看到过斗篷的舞动,在黄昏时他从劳作后蹒跚归来的牛群身上找到了慰藉,如果他表现出勇敢的兆头,主人可能会爱抚他一番,在规定的一份之外再多喂他些豆类和燕麦。在培养他的过程中所注入的心血和技术全都是对准一个目标,就是训练他把600磅的身体准确地集中在一次进攻上,其迅猛足以擦伤即使是{dy}流的斗牛士的大腿,其爆发力足以将一匹马连同骑士挑过挡墙。他粗重地呼吸着。他环顾四周。这时他看见远远的,在环形栅栏的弯处,有一个小小的跳动着的身影,向他摆动一件粉黄二色的斗篷,而且发出一种断续的小牛哞哞叫似的声音。
     6. And he takes off in a charge. Maybe he hesitates, or looks around, or gives up. But mostly, if he charges straight, the crowd knows that the black beast is matrue enough, and will fight well and die well. So the most ancient and enduring of all the festivals of the Spanish people has begun.
    他冲向前去。也许他犹豫不决,或环顾四周,或认输放弃;但在大多数情况下,如果他笔直冲去,观众就会知道这头黑色畜牲会斗得像样,死得勇敢。就这样,西班牙人民一切庆典中最古老流传最久的斗牛开始了。
    7. I have started with a cliché, because it was solidly planted in Spanish life 800 years ago, and it is something you have to face. Many strangers avoid it on humanitarian grounds, or because it is so alien, or because they look on it, falsely, as the Latin equivalent of greyhound racing or cock-fighting or customs even more disreputable. One good way to learn something true about a country is to examine at first hand one of its obvious clichés, so that you can de- bunk it to your own satisfaction, or admit with more authority that it is not for you, or begin to feel its truth as the natives feel it. A great deal can be learned about France by watching a French family at its meals, or about the United States by attending a baseball game, or about Britain by an hour in the gallery of the House of Commons at question time.
    我只写了一个司空见惯的场面来开始此文,因为800年前它就牢牢地在西班牙人的生活中扎了根,是你不得不面对的东西。许多异乡人回避它,他们或出于人道主义,或由于它是这样陌生,或他们错误地认为它相当于拉丁人心目中的赛狗或斗鸡或甚至更为不体面的风俗。要了解有关一个国家的一些真实情况,有个好办法就是亲身去体察某个显然是司空见惯的东西,以便能尽情地揭穿它,或更有凭据地承认这个合你的胃口,或开始与当地人一样感觉到其中的真谛。观察一个法国家庭用餐可以很好了解法国,对美国是去看一场棒球赛,对英国是在下议院的质询时间到旁听席去听上一个小时。
    8. The bullfight is surely only a part of Spanish life, and there are Spaniards who dislike it or are bored by it, just as there are Englishmen who see nothing attractive in cricket or significant in a magistrate's preliminary hearing, which is a very English and very significant institution indeed. So is the bullfight significant; it will not do to fly into a rage at the mention of the picadors and their poor blindfolded nags. I myself approve the recent crusade of the British bird protection society against the cooking of small and even rare birds in Italian cuisine. It is a strong argument, especially, if you are a vegetarian. But many people who are against pig-sticking go on eating pork, and we are on shaky ground to refuse to look into bullfighting, where often the bull is honoured and the man despised, and yet raise not a ripple of concern over, say, the lingering death of a fox gone to ground. The bull never goes to ground. He is never left to die. He is killed in the open, in hairsbreadth contact with a man on foot who, for most of the game, has nothing to defend himself with except the grace of his courage and only a piece of red cloth with which he hopes to hypnotize the bull to keep his head low.
    无疑,斗牛只是西班牙生活中的一个部分,而且也有西班牙人不喜欢或认为斗牛枯燥无味,正如有的英国人看不出板球有什么吸引人之处,或法官预审有什么意义,而其实后者是典型英国所有的而且是很有意义的一项制度。斗牛也是很有意义的,一听见提到马上斗牛士和他们骑的可怜的蒙上眼睛的n马就大发雷霆是不行的。我本人是赞同英国鸟类保护协会最近对意大利烹调中食用小型或甚至稀有鸟类的讨伐运动的,主张很有道理,特别是假如你是个素食主义者的话。但是不少反对猎野猪的人继续吃猪肉,而我们拒绝了解斗牛,那里受尊重的常常是牛,被藐视的是人,但却对狐狸被猎手打伤逃入地穴慢慢死去毫不关心,这种态度是站不住脚的。斗牛场上的公牛永远不会逃入地穴,他永远不会无人理睬地自己死去,他是堂堂正正被杀死的,是和一个人在间不容发的接触中被杀死的,这个人徒步单身,而且在斗牛的大部分时间内,除了勇敢带来的从容,和一块希望能使公牛处于催眠状态因而不把头抬起的红布之外,他没有任何防身之器。
9. It may pacify the squeamish, as well as the other objectors whom I respect, if I say that I am not going to tell any more about the stages of the bullfight except to say by way of stressing how formal and traditional everything is, that those stages are four, that they are each introduced by trumpet flourishes, like the acts of a play or a coronation; that every performer and every move he makes (either by intent or by humorous impulse) has a name, and so also have all the accidents, the whimsies, the colour and temperament of the bulls, the several types of fans looking on, even the little boys who several times a season jump the barrier when the police are not watching and dash into the ring with a stick from home and a piece of rag and stand there in a pose, petrified and ashen and very young, and either get badly hurt or make a few scared, charming passes, and are greatly cheered as they scamper for the barrier again.
    我对斗牛的各个阶段不再多作说明,只想强调一下一切都是极其隆重有强烈的传统性,共分四个阶段,每个阶段都以响亮喧闹的喇叭声开始,就像剧的每一幕或国王的加冕典礼一样;每一个上场的角色及他们的每一个动作(无论是有目的的还是出自突然的幽默感的动作)都有名称,还有所有的事故、手法、牛的毛色和脾性、在场观看的几类斗牛迷也都各有名称;就连闯进斗牛场的小男孩们也有特别的名称,每个斗牛季节里,乘jc不备,总有几个小男孩跳过栅栏,拿着家中带来的一根棍子和一块破布冲进斗牛场内,摆出一种姿态站在那儿,吓得发呆,脸色苍白,满身稚气,他们不是受伤便是胆战心惊地做出几个可爱的动作,在一片欢呼声中仓惶逃向栅栏,迎接jc和狱中骄傲的一夜。如果我到此为止,对斗牛的情况不再多说什么,可能会使神经质的人们及我尊重的其他反对斗牛活动的人平静下来。
    10. A blonde American girl sitting behind surrounded by a forest of shaking handkerchiefs as the crowd reared and whistled its outrage at the cruelty of 'letting loose a bull too young and small, said aloud: "What they don't seem to understand is ..." Luckily, nobody around her understood English. "What they don't seem to understand" is, you may be sure, nothing that has occurred to an Anglo-Saxon. They know that the most promising corrida can be the sorriest spectacle on earth. They know it can have moments, rarely a whole fight, when the original ideal comes alive: that of a fearless and unyielding bull skimming and wheeling at the bidding, a few inches away, of an exquisite and brave performer. They know something that escapes the shrill foreign devotees, the aficionados who are as solemn and contentious as jazz critics: that a bullfight is never one thing. It is not either beautiful or brutal. All at one time it can be brave, pitiful, squalid, heroic, messy, chivalrous, and obscene. Every Sunday afternoon, an old Spaniard told me, he used to hear the crowds go rollicking impatiently past the window of his apartment, and he would lean out and innocently ask where they were heading. And they would cry back, "To the bulls!" About a couple of hours later he would hear them trudging back again, and when he asked where they had been, they would say, in a low grumble, "To the bulls".
    坐在我身后的一个碧眼金发的美国姑娘,当人群站立越来吹着口哨对残酷地放出过于幼小的公牛表示愤怒时,她在周围如林的挥舞着的手帕的包围下大声说,“他们似乎不明白……”幸运的是,她周围的人不懂英语。你可以肯定“他们似乎不明白”的东西,不是一个盎格鲁一撒克逊人所能想像得到的。他们明白,最有希望的一场斗牛可能是世界上最可悲的景象,他们知道在某些时刻,虽然很少在整个斗牛过程中,总会出现独特的理想情景,那就是一头无畏的顽强的公牛照一位优雅勇敢的表演者的意志在距离他几英寸以外的地方来回冲过。他们知道一些像爵士乐评论家们一样严肃而爱好争论的紧张的外国斗牛迷们所未能注意到的事,就是说斗牛向来不是只有一个方面,不是美好的就得是残忍的。它可以同时是勇敢的,可怜的,悲惨的,崇高的,混乱的,豪侠的,丑恶的。一个西班牙老人告诉我,每个星期日下午,他总是听见人群喧嚣着急不可耐地从他住室窗下走过,这时他会探出身子天真地问他们上哪儿去,他们总是喊着回答说“去斗牛场!” 两个来小时后他会听见他们脚步沉重地走回来,当他问他们去了哪儿时,他们会低声咕哝说,“去了斗牛场”。
11. I do not want to burden the bullfight with the whole weight of the Spanish character, which is the tendency of the tourist before any national institution that excites him. But it tells us something. It tells us much about the love of contradiction in a race of intense individualists who yet live fatalistically under a dictatorship. The bullfight is, as I have said, a stirring, and usually a blowsy, spectacle. It aims at an ideal of bravery and style and falls into dullness and squalor. It is in miniatrue one image of life as Latins tend to see it: a challenge to high romance always defeated by the rich and fatuous disorder of life itself, a wounding disappointment you can almost depend on, for which the only balm is certainly not politics but religion.
    我并不想把斗牛活动看作整个西班牙特性的反映,旅游者在任何使他们感到兴奋的民族习俗面前总喜欢这样做。但斗牛也告诉了我们一些东西。它告诉了我们很多关于一个具有强烈个性然而却听天由命地生活在专制制度下的民族对矛盾的热爱。正如我说过的那样,斗牛是个激动人心的而且通常是乱糟糟的景象。它要实现的理想是勇敢与优雅而落到了单调与悲惨的结果。它是拉了人所看待的生活的一个形象缩影:它是向壮丽的浪漫cj色彩的挑战,却永远败在生活本身极端的昏然混乱的手下,是你几乎肯定会感到的给你心灵以伤害的失望。而对此惟一的良药决不是政治而只能是宗教。
    12. To English ears that last word may verge on blasphemy. Nothing could be more exactly untrue. Attached to every bullring is a chapel where the matadors pray before the fight. A priest waits throughout the corrida in case the worst should happen. The annual festivals of the bulls in most cities and villages are in honour of a protecting saint; the greatest, which ended last week, is the feast of San Isidro, the patron saint of Madrid. One of the most famous passes with the cape has one of two disputed origins. Either it is named after St. Veronica, who wiped the brow of Jesus, or, others believe, it is named after the gestrue of Mary Magdalene as she stood with a winding sheet ready to receive the body of Christ from the Cross. It does not matter whether these legends are true. It is everything that most people believe in them.
     在英国人听来,上述{zh1}一个词汇可能近于亵渎。没有什么看法是比这更错误的了。每一个斗牛场都有附属教堂,斗牛士们在斗牛前在这儿祈祷。一位牧师在整个斗牛过程中都守候着,以备万一。多数城市和乡村中一年一度的斗牛盛会都是为了纪念某个守护神的,最盛大的一次在上周刚刚结束,是圣伊西德罗节,他是马德里的守护神。舞斗篷的最zm动作之一的起源有两个不同的说法,一是纪念为耶稣擦额头的圣薇罗妮卡而命名的,另一些人则相信是得名于玛丽·玛格达林手持裹尸布准备接住从十字架上下来的基督的尸体时的姿式。这些传说是否真实无关紧要,重要的是多数人相信它们。
13. These may show how far a Spaniard is from regarding the bullfight as a mere sport or a tolerated weakness, like a football pool. It is a morality play, that isolates, and sets against each other, the qualities which this courteous, passionate, and chivalrous people value most: which I take to be -- courage, manners (that is to say, appropriate style), pride of self cautioned by its opposite reminder that nothing conduces more to humility than the immediate prospect of a violent death.
    这些也许可以说明,西班牙人远不把斗牛当作仅仅是一种运动或为人们默认为的如足球彩票一类的劣癖。这是一幕道德剧,它把这个彬彬有礼、热情奔放、有骑士风度的人民最为珍视的品质孤立出来,相互对照。这些品质我认为是:勇敢,礼貌 (也就是说恰如其分的举止),和受到来自反面告诫的自尊:再也没有比迫在眉睫的暴死的前景能给人带来更大的屈辱了。


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