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科学网-盖鑫磊的博客-我现在的研究工作

作者:企业资讯策划团队 来源:rwfb 发布时间:2010-05-22 浏览:191

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我现在的研究工作
我当前正在从事的研究工作,被系里的Spring Newsletter里做了推荐和介绍。
我把它翻译了一下,算做是科普一下我的工作:)

                  氨气的堂兄妹们如何在气候变化中“腾云驾雾”?

在我们赖以生存和呼吸的大气中,其实充满了各种各样的酸,比如由燃料燃烧产生的SO2及NOx生成的 硫酸和硝酸,以及大自然和人类活动排出的无数有机物经光氧化形成的各种有机酸。

那大气中的碱性化合物又是如何中和这些酸的呢?土壤以及动物(比如下图中的大耳朵牛)身上释放的氨气,就是最主要的中和剂。

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研究发现在加州的San Joaquin山谷,农业活动中释放的氨气几乎能中和当地大气中所有的酸。但是,实际上土壤和动物身上还能释放另一类化合物,同样可以中和大气中的酸,这 就是所谓的胺类(amines)(下图显示了其化学结构式)。

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大气胺类的浓度在未来可能会增加:比如碳捕获操作中,在电厂废气排入大气之前,通常会使用胺类来脱除其中的CO2,最重要的温室气体之 一。胺类在此工艺中是循环使用的,但实际上部分胺类将不可避免地逃逸出来从而引起其大气浓度的提高。

那么,胺类又将对气候产生何种影响?在这点上研究才刚刚起步。其中一些胺类与酸的结合比氨气更强;某些结合甚至强到生成新的大气颗粒, 或者使得微小的颗粒得以长大。一旦颗粒长大,它们就可以形成雨滴,改变降雨,云层感光度和生存时间,也就可能向太空中反射更多的能量。Dr. Anthony Wexler目前正在和博士后Xinlei Ge和来自英国东英吉利大学的Simon Clegg教授一起,致力于更好地了解大气胺类的化学性质,以及它们是如何对大气颗粒产生影响,进而影响气候系统的。该项工作是由EPRI, NOAA和能源部资助。

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A Close Chemical Cousin of Ammonia Plays Many Roles in Climate Change

The atmosphere is full of acids – sulfuric acid which is formed from sulfur dioxide emitted during combustion of sulfur-containing fuels, nitric acid which is formed from nitrogen oxides also formed during fuel combustion, and organic acids formed by atmospheric photo-oxidation of numerous organic compounds emitted naturally and by human activities. 
 

But what about the alkaline compounds that can neutralize this acidity in the atmosphere?  Ammonia is emitted by soils and animals, including cows, and is the primary neutralizer of atmospheric acidity.


In the California’s San Joaquin Valley, ammonia emitted from agricultural processes neutralizes all the local atmosphere acidity. 
But there is another class of compounds, also emitted by soils and animal operations that can neutralize acidity – the so called amines.
 

The concentration of amines in the atmosphere may increase in the future: Proposed carbon sequestration operations will use amines to remove carbon dioxide, the most important greenhouse gas, from power plant exhaust before it reaches the atmosphere.  The intent is to recycle the amines during this process but some may escape increasing their atmospheric concentration.


So how do amines affect climate?  We are just starting to understand their role. Some of them bind more strongly to the acids than ammonia; some bind so strongly that they may form new particles in the atmosphere or cause tiny particles to grow.  Once the particles grow, they can form rain droplets, changing rainfall patterns and cloud brightness and persistence, possibly reflecting more energy back into space.  Dr. Anthony Wexler is working with his post-doctoral fellow, Xinlei Ge and Professor Simon Clegg, a colleague at the University of East Anglia, UK, to better understand the chemical properties of amines and how they may affect particles in the atmosphere that influence climate.  Their work is supported by the Electric Power Research Institute, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and Department of Energy.
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