Optical Principle of Illumination Utilization

Structure and function

探照灯由光源和反射器构成，在其前段一般还包含一个或多个光学透镜。光线先通过反射器（曲面镜或球面镜）聚集成束，再利用光学透镜位置和组合的不同来进行控制，{zh1}投射出去。

A searchlight consists of a light source and a reflector, and in its front section it usually contains one or more optical lenses. Light rays are gathered into a beam through a reflector (curved or spherical mirror), then controlled by different positions and combinations of optical lenses, and finally projected.

探照灯主要应用在车辆、电影拍摄、影剧院以及建筑物或展览的灯光照明方面。

Searchlights are mainly used for lighting vehicles, film shooting, theatres and buildings or exhibitions.

探照灯searchlight

Searchlight

借助反射 镜或 透镜使出射光束 集中在很小 的立体角内，从而获得较大光强的灯具。国际照明委员会规定，探照灯是出射光束的半峰片角（在通过{zd0}光强的一个平面上 ，{zd0}光强与50％{zd0}光强之间的夹角 ）小于2°的投光灯 。约在1870年，世界上就出现了以碳弧灯为光源的探照灯。第二次世界大战中，探照灯主要用在夜间为高射炮搜寻攻击目标 。现代探照灯主要用于船舶航行（如船用探照灯）和信号标志。探照灯一般以卤钨灯为光源，也有以超高压汞灯、金属卤化物灯和超高压的氙灯为光源的。

With the help of a mirror or lens, the emitted light beam is concentrated in a very small solid angle, so that a lamp with a larger light intensity can be obtained. The International Lighting Commission (ILC) stipulates that the searchlight is a projector with a half-peak angle of the beam (the angle between the maximum intensity and the 50% maximum intensity in a plane passing through the maximum intensity) less than 2 degrees. Around 1870, searchlights with carbon arc lamp as light source appeared in the world. In World War II, searchlights were mainly used at night to search for targets for anti-aircraft guns. Modern searchlights are mainly used for ship navigation (such as marine searchlights) and signal signs. Search lamps generally use halogen tungsten lamp as light source, but also ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, metal halide lamp and ultra-high pressure xenon lamp as light source.

种类

type

普通型探照灯 – 一个简单的盒子中装有光源(经常是卤素棒)以及反射器(经常是球面镜)。

Ordinary searchlights - A simple box with light sources (often halogen bars) and reflectors (often spherical mirrors).

镜面型探照灯 – 置于曲面镜前的光源与透镜之间的距离可调节。

Mirror Searchlight - The distance between the light source placed in front of a curved mirror and the lens is adjustable.

透镜型探照灯 – 光源置于球面镜前，光源前放置透镜(内平外凸)，所以又称凸透镜型探照灯(英文缩写为 PC)。 大型版本的此类探照灯由于凸透镜的厚度过大，会导致玻璃破碎。因此人们利用直径阶段性缩小的透镜来解决这个问题。此类探照灯则称为 Stufenlinsenscheinwerfer或者按照发明者Augustin Jean Fresnel)的名字称为 Fresnellinsenscheinwerfer。透镜型探照灯可以通过调节光源和透镜之间的距离来调节光线的射出角度。

Lens Search Lamp - The light source is placed in front of the spherical mirror, and the lens is placed in front of the light source (inside flat and outside convex), so it is also called convex lens Search Lamp (PC). Large versions of such searchlights can cause glass breakage due to the thickness of convex lenses. Therefore, the problem can be solved by using a lens with periodically reduced diameter. Such searchlights are called Stufenlinsenscheinwerfer or Fresnellinscheinwerfer by the name of inventor Augustin Jean Fresnel. The lenticular searchlight can adjust the angle of light emission by adjusting the distance between the light source and the lens.