简介：本文是一篇课后翻译作业，目的是让我们了解特许经营的概况，这里我也会把中英文对照放上，以此来作为特许经营管理这门课程的回顾整理的开端。
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本文来自新仁类博客?http:///?转载请注明出处
?Among the most important trends in franchising today are the internationalization of franchising, the emergence of women and minorities in franchising, and the increased use of technology. All of these have profound and positive effects on franchising and make it an even more dynamic method of doing business today.
现下特许经营最重要的发展趋势有：特许经营国际化；妇女和少数民族开始参与特许经营活动；技术应用更加频繁。所有这些都对特许经营发展产生了深刻且积极的影响，使之成为当今更具活力的做生意的方法
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International Franchising
国际特许经营
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1. Franchised businesses continue to grow in all corners of the world. On average 14 percent of a country’s franchisors establish franchises across borders. For instance, from 1985-1995, 48 percent of the units established by U.S. franchisors were international units. In 1995, more than 400 U.S. franchise systems operated internationally. In 2000, approximately 100 additional U.S. franchise systems set up globally. International franchising has been successful because consumers around the world recognize famous brands as symbols of quality, consistency, service, and value.
1.特许经营生意在世界各个角落继续成长。平均每一个国家百分之十四的特许人建立了跨国特许经营运作。举例子来说，1985年至1995年间，美国特许人建立的48%的单店是国际单店。截止至1995年，美国有超过400个特许经营体系开展国际化运作。到了2000年，大约又有100个美国特许经营体系建立全球化。国际特许经营的成功是因为全球的消费者都把zmpp看作是质量，稳定性，服务和价值的象征。
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2. If you are considering the purchase of a franchise, you may want to not limit the scope of your search to franchisors in your home country. Increasingly, franchisors are seeking franchisees internationally, and a foreign-based franchisor may provide you with the franchised opportunity which you are seeking.
2. 如果你正在考虑加盟一个特许经营项目，你可能不想被限制于只在国内寻找特许人。特许人也逐渐地寻求开展国际加盟，这样一家国外的特许人可能为你提供你所寻找的特许经营机会。
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3.In many cases, foreign-based franchisors offer individual franchises to operate a single unit. They also often offer development rights to operate multiple units and ">master franchise for the foreign-based concept in your country or a portion of your country.
3. 在大多数情况下，国外的特许人提供单店特许经营权来运营一个单店。他们同样经常提供运营多个单店的高级的特许经营权和“区域主特许经营权”。后者实质上，在你国家一定区域里有机会成为“特许人”概念范畴。
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4. Of course, international franchising presents different challenges than domestic franchising. For example, if goods will come from overseas, you may need to be aware of various duties, tariffs, and transportation requirements. You also need to consider language and cultural differences. For instance, if you are a franchisee in a different country from the franchisor’s home office, the franchisor’s system may need to be modified for use in your country.
4.? 当然，目前国际特许经营相对于本土特许经营面临着更多的挑战。举个例子，如果货物来自海外，你可能要注意各种责任，比如关税，运输条件。你同样需要考虑语言与文化上的差异。例如，如果你是一个来自一个和特许人总部不同国家的受许人，特许人的特许经营体系可能需要修改以适合你的国家。
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Minorities and Women in Franchising
少数民族和妇女在特许经营活动中
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1. Increasing numbers of minorities and women are discovering that franchising can be a good opportunity for everybody. While franchising is not a panacea, it provides a means for mitigating the traditional obstacles that otherwise competent and capable small investors, particularly women and minorities, face: lack of business experience and capital. Franchisors provide managerial training and assistance on an on-going basis and, in some cases, arrange for property leases, provide equipment financing and sale-leaseback programs, and assist franchisees in obtaining financing.
1. 越来越多的少数民族和妇女发现特许经营对每个人来说都是个好机会。尽管特许经营不是{wn}药，它减轻了传统经营模式的某些阻碍，对于那些能干的小投资者来讲，尤其是妇女和少数民族以及那些缺少商业经验和资本的人们，这种创业模式是个很好的手段。特许人提供管理培训和事业起步的基础补助，甚至，安排物业租赁，提供设备融资和售后回租项目，并协助加盟者获得贷款。
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2. As a result of a strong economy, women are increasingly in leadership positions in franchising whether through establishing new companies, becoming single and multi-unit franchisees, or having high-level positions at corporate headquarters.
2. 强有力的经济事实证明，不管是否通过建立新的公司，妇女正逐渐在特许经营活动中占据领导位置，成为单店或区域特许加盟商，或者在总部担任中高层职位。
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3. According to the National Foundation for Women Business Owners, 9.1 million women owned business firms in the U.S. This represented 38 percent of all business, employing over 27.5 million people, and generating over 3.6 trillion in sales.
?3.根据美国女企业家基金会统计显示，910万女性在美国拥有商业公司，这相当于所有商业公司的38%。这些女企业家所领导的商业公司拥有超过2750万个雇员，并制造了3.6万亿美元的销售额。
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4. As the population of minorities in the U.S. continues to rise, minority franchising in cities is expected to rise.
4. 随着少数民族人数在美国人口总数中占有比重继续上升，在城市中参与特许经营的少数民族人数预计也会逐渐上升。
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5. In addition, some governmental agencies encourage the franchising route for minorities, through programs such as Marylands Equity Participation Investment Program.
5. 此外，一些政府部门鼓励特许经营路线，通过对少数民族的项目，例如马里兰的参股投资计划来帮助他们。
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6. The Women’s Franchise Committee (WFC) of the IFA which was formed in 1996, serves as a resource for women seeking career growth opportunities in franchising and provides international network opportunities, an annual meeting, and monthly telephone conferences.
6.国际特许经营协会(IFA)旗下的妇女特许委员会(WFA)成立于1996年，为女性提供寻求在特许经营行业的职业发展机会所需的资源，并提供来自全球网络的机遇，还有年度会议以及每月的电话会议。
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Technology and Franchising
技术与特许经营
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There are several trends related to the use of technology in franchising today. 1), many franchisors use the internet to communicate with franchise owners and suppliers through secure extranets in order to share critical information, facilitate discussion among the franchise network, post operations manuals and updates, disseminate news about ad campaigns, engage in supply chain management, and gather sales reports automatically and without the need for more labor-intensive data entry. 2), franchisors use the internet to advertise their network to customers. 3), some franchisors use the internet to engage in business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce, often with the involvement of franchisees. 4), many prospective franchisees glean information and make contact with franchisors using the internet. Some franchisors now report that they get more sales leads from the internet than from any other source. 5), and finally, franchisors make extensive use of technology in offering their services directly to consumers such as networks of businesses that offer website design and web hosting. The prospects for, and reality of, involving technology in franchising make this a very exciting time to own a franchised business.
当今特许经营行业技术应用的趋势有：1)，许多特许人使用加密安全网络与特许经营业主和供应商进行在线交流，这种方式可以促进讨论效果，分享关键信息，发布操作手册据更新，发布活动的广告信息，进行供应链管理，并自动收集销售报告。不需要更多的密集型劳动力进行手工数据录入。2)，特许人用网络向客户进行宣传。3)，还有一些特许人经常联合加盟商，通过互联网开展企业对个人(B2C)电子商务。4)，许多准加盟商通过互联网收集信息并且用网络与特许人沟通，有些特许人报告称现在互联网为他们提供了比其他方式更多的渠道来进行销售。5)，{zh1}，为消费者直接提供服务方面的技术的已经被特许人广泛得应用，比如网商提供网站设计服务和虚拟主机。特许经营行的技术应用和发展前景造就了这个运作特许经营生意的好时代。
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内容预告：有关于特许经营管理系列文章将从以下几个方面展开：
1，特许经营概况和发展趋势。
2，特许经营基本理论。
3，特许经营合同及法律法规。
4，特许经营体系的设计与构建。
5，特许经营推广和加盟。
以后的文章会围绕这5个方面但是不一定会按照顺序进行。
特许经营管理系列接下来的2篇文章将讨论女性模式领导力在特许经营管理中的情况以及企业管理信息系统在特许经营行业的应用。
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Name : 仁恺.