concrete durability(混凝土的耐久性)

To have a more sustainable concrete structure, durability is key.

The durability of concrete is defined by the ability of concrete to resist weathering action and chemical attack, while maintaining its desired engineering properties. Due to the use of inappropriate materials, poor construction practices, insufficient curing and/or improper mix designs, many structures show serious premature deterioration. This is a global problem that costs both the public and private sectors worldwide billions of dollars annually. About 5 billion cubic yards of concrete is produced globally every year (Source: Cement Association of Canada), with The New Civil Engineer (NCE)/Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) reporting that approximately 40% of construction work in the UK goes toward repair and maintenance work rather than creating new infrastructure (Source: Sustainable Concrete for the 21st Century – “Concept of Strength through Durability” – Page 4) Optimizing the durability of concrete ultimately leads to fewer repairs or premature replacements of deteriorating structures.

Measuring the durability factor of concrete to determine its longevity, and ability to withstand local weathering and use, is difficult to predetermine. It is, however, an important factor in identifying how sustainable the structure will ultimately be.

Defining concrete durabilityThe durability of a concrete mix is very contingent on environmental factors. The concrete mix design must be customized for the environment, and high end materials do not necessarily make for a durable concrete. A durable mix design in one location may not be durable in another. For example, in dry, desert-like environments, Air Entrainment is not necessary for concrete to be durable, whereas it is a critical factor in concrete durability anywhere that experiences freeze/thaw issues, as seen in most of North America.

Another factor in defining durability depends on how long a building is actually designed to last. If a building is designed to last fifty years, and lasts sixty before major repairs or replacements are necessary, then that building by definition is durable. If a building is designed to last 100 years, and lasts 70, it cannot be considered a durable structure.

Questions to consider when determining concrete durability:

What is the project to be used for (current and future use)?

What type of environment will this structure be exposed to?

How many years must this structure remain?

有一个更可持续的混凝土结构,耐用性是关键。

混凝土的耐久性是混凝土具有抗风化和化学攻击能力同时保持其所需的工程性质的定义。由于使用不合适的材料,差的建设实践,养护不足和/或不适当的混合设计,显示很多结构严重过早恶化。公共和私营部门的成本每年全球有数十亿美元，这已经是一个全球问题。全球每年具体生产大约50亿立方码(来源:加拿大水泥协会),据新的土木工程师(指标)/土木工程师学会(ICE)报道,大约有40%的建筑在英国工作用于维修和维护工作,而不是创建新的基础设施。优化混凝土的耐久性最终导致更少的维修或过早更换结构恶化。

测量混凝土的耐久性因素来确定它的长寿,承受局部风化和使用的能力,很难预先确定。然而,这是一个重要因素识别结构最终将持续多久。

定义具体durabilityThe耐久性的混凝土混合物非常取决于环境因素。混凝土混合料配合比设计必须定制的环境,高端材料不一定成为一个持久的混凝土。一个持久的混合料配合比设计在另一个位置可能不会持久。例如,在干燥、荒凉的环境,夹杂空气没有必要为混凝土耐用,而这是一个关键因素在混凝土耐久性的地方体验冻结/解冻问题,如在北美大部分地区。另一个因素定义持久性取决于建筑实际上是为了持续多久。如果近50年的建筑设计,若持续60年主要维修或更换则是必要的,那么建筑的定义是经久耐用。如果100年建筑设计,只持续70年,它不能被视为一个耐用的结构。

考虑在确定混凝土耐久性的问题:

是什么用于项目(当前和未来的使用)?

这个结构会暴露在什么类型的环境?

这个结构必须保持多少年?

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